![]() Say, that the sense of feeling were bereft me, and that I could not see, nor hear, nor touch, and nothing but the very smell were left me, yet would my love to thee be still as much for from the stillitory of thy face excelling comes breath perfum’d that breedeth love by smelling. ![]() That inward beauty and invisible Or were I deaf, thy outward parts would move each part in me that were but sensible: Though neither eyes nor ears, to hear nor see, yet should I be in love by touching thee. Had I no eyes but ears, my ears would love. Here, we discuss how distinct sensory cues may be integrated to drive social and attachment behaviors in rodents, and the differing roles of specific sensory systems in eliciting displays of behavior by females or males. Sex differences in sensory modalities most important for mate recognition in across species are of particular interest and present a wealth of questions yet to be answered. Nevertheless, despite the apparent similarities in behaviors displayed by monogamous males and females, the circuitry supporting social, mating, and attachment behaviors in these species is increasingly thought to differ between the sexes. In these species, anatomic differences between males and females outside the nervous system are less prominent than in species with non-monogamous mating systems, and both sexes engage in more symmetric social behaviors and form attachments. ![]() Socially monogamous species constitute a behaviorally distinct group of rodents. The mechanisms by which chemical and acoustic cues are integrated to control behavior are understudied in mating but are known to be important in the control of maternal behaviors. In many rodents, males tend to rely heavily on volatile olfactory and pheromone cues, while females appear to be guided more by a combination of these chemosensory signals with acoustic cues in the form of ultrasonic vocalizations. These sex differences in courtship and mating behaviors correspond to differences in sensory systems and downstream neural substrates engaged to recognize and respond to courtship signals. Mate selection thus requires mutual recognition across diverse social interactions based on distinct sensory signals. In many animal species, males and females exploit different mating strategies, display sex-typical behaviors, and use distinct systems to recognize ethologically relevant cues. 5Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.4Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.3Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.2Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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